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Showing posts with label TESL. Show all posts
Showing posts with label TESL. Show all posts

USEFUL LANGUAGE TO USE IN THE CLASSROOM

    Teacher says:

-     Good morning! Take your seats!        
-     Open your books! Open your books on page… .
-     Turn the page, please.                       
-     Tell us … . Tell us about … .
-     Repeat, please.                                   
-     Repeat after me.
-     One more time, please!                      
-     Say it again!
-     Speak louder, please!                         
-     I’m sorry? Excuse me?                                                                                                                             
      (= I didn’t hear / understand you, say it again).
-     I can’t hear you.                                 
-     Mistake. Correct yourself.
-     Listen and remember.                         
-     Read!
-     Retell the text. Retell the text in your own words.
-     What did you understand from the text?      
-     Do you understand me?
      Do you understand the task?                       
      What does it mean?
-     Ask questions!                                          
-     Answer the questions!

Student says:
-     I’m sorry, I didn’t understand you.
-     I didn’t understand the task.
-     Can you repeat, please?  
-     Can you say it louder, please?
-     Can you spell it, please?
-     Can you explain this word?
-     What does it mean? What does this word mean?

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(Fun English) Being Young

Language Focus   : Writing, speaking and listening

Level                   : Intermediate 
Time                    : 10 minutes
Materials             : Whiteboard and marker
Aim                     : Students practice how to give an opinion something and using descriptive adjective

Procedure:
  • Write on the board : "Being young is ................" 
  • Ask the students to call out what they think could be added to this sentence.
  • if there is a time, ask the students to work with a neighbor.
  • Collect their sentences in order.
  • It might be like this:
  1. "Being young is wonderful."
  2. "Being young is amazing."
  3. "Being young is being with friends."
  4. "Being young is unbelievable."
  5. "Being young is fun."
  6. "Being young is fantastic."
  7. "Being young is..........................."
  • The following sentences that be used as sentence starters:
  1. Being old is......
  2. Being famous is..............
  3. Being rich is............
  4. Being smart is.........
  5. Being slim is........
  6. love is........
  7. Indonesia is..........
  8. English is...........
  9. Back street is.........
  10. Without you.........
  11. Living abroad is............
Variation:
Dictate the beginning of a sentence. Each student write it down and then finishes it as they wish.


Source: Fun English Games & Activity for You

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(Learning English) Be An Actor

As teachers we are always looking for ways to improve our classes and motivate our students. Yet, teaching conditions may not be as ideal as we would like them to be. Sometime we get too many students, often they different proficiency level, sometimes both problems arise in the same class. This was my situation.
Learning a language cannot be divorced from culture learning. Yet, in a foreign language-teaching situation, this can be quite difficult, since culture includes aspects such as “ how (native speakers) hold their bodies, how far they stand apart, where they look when they talk, how men shake their hands with each other, how children talk to their parents, and so on”. In addition, culture involves issues such as how anxiety or excitement are expressed, or how culturally accepted intonation is used to deliver humor or anger. These aspects of language are very subtle for learners to grasp, let alone learn to use. Moreover, they are not commonly addressed in regular conversation courses.
Drama is a way of bringing the issues above naturally into the language classroom. It also allows for making linguistic and cultural analyses of characters where participants use English in meaningful contexts. As learners rehearse, they engage in a process that includes the establishment of characters’ personalities, motivates and persona, creating a genuine purpose for communication. In other words, drama provides a reason to use language. Finally, it brings motivation and fun to the classroom. No matter how threatened students feel with the prospect of presenting a play, everyone will enjoy acting, since we all wish for glory and fame. Being an actor, even through a classroom performance, has a difficult to resist seductive power that the less proficient students accept as a challenge.
Writers such as Maley and Duff, (1978) and Wessels, (1987) have pointed to the values and uses of drama:
Drama can help the teacher to achieve ‘reality’ in several ways. It can overcome the students’ resistance to learning the new language:
·         By the making the learning of the new language an enjoyable experience
·         By setting realistic targets for the students to aim for
·         By creative slowing down of real experience
·         By linking the language-learning experience with the student’s own experience of life
And drama can create in students a need to learn the language:
·         By the use of “creative tension” (situations requiring urgent solutions)
·         By putting more responsibility on the learner, as opposed to the teacher.
Drama provides cultural and language enrichment by revealing insights into the target culture and presenting language contexts that make items memorable by placing them in a realistic social and physical contexts.
By allowing reading and the adding of some characterization to a drama, learners became personally and fully involved in the learning process, in a context in which it is possible for learners to feel less self-conscious and more empowered to express themselves through the multiple voices of differing characters.
Language comes alive through drama in an oral skills development class. Speaking is not only about words and structure and pronunciation, but feelings, motivations and meanings. In other words, language brings along culture. Drama in a conversation classroom makes room for those issues emerge. 

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How To Be a Great Teaching Assistant

Teaching assistants are an enormous help both inside and outside the classroom.
With another set of eyes in class, things often run more smoothly while having some extra input can make lesson plans and worksheets even better.

Here are some things teaching assistants can do to maximize their usefulness.
How to Be a Super TA
1.    Inside The Classroom
Helping with classroom management during lessons is the most important role of a teaching assistant. When the teacher is busy working with a student, you – the assistant - should answer questions other students have, assist students with their work, and give feedback or encouragement when needed. While the teacher is giving instructions or lecturing, you can help maintain order by breaking up student conversations and minimizing distractions. You can also help when students form groups or move desks in between activities to shorten the amount of time these things take and thus ensure that students have more time to practice English. With a teaching assistant in the classroom, the primary instructor will not have to disrupt the flow of the lesson by trying to be in two places at once.

2.    How They See You
It can be difficult to establish a good rapport with students. Some students may not respect teaching assistants because they are not “real” teachers in their eyes, or because TAs’ perceived or actual power is minimal. At the same time, you are in an excellent position to assist students who are struggling because you have more time to monitor them. For instance, the class clown who sits at the very back of the room and consistently interrupts may have little interest in the lesson, difficulty understanding the material, or just want some attention. Whatever the case may be, you can help by working with him one on one to keep him focused, answer questions, and obviously fulfill the need for attention without being disruptive to the rest of class. The student may still be reluctant to focus on the lesson material but will appreciate the teaching assistant’s attentiveness and the rest of the class will benefit by having the undivided and uninterrupted attention of the teacher. How students see you and your role in the classroom depends heavily on how you are treated by the teacher you assist. It is beneficial to talk about your responsibilities during particular lessons before heading into the classroom and to develop strong respectful working relationships with teachers.

3.    Outside The Classroom
Depending on the teacher, a teaching assistant may be responsible for any number of tasks outside the classroom. Teaching assistants are commonly asked to mark papers and grade exams. You may be asked to create and edit worksheets, handouts, and exams and will most likely have to make copies of these items. You are free to express your ideas about lessons but they will not always be taken into consideration. The extent to which you are involved in any and all activities depends on who you are assisting and may vary from teacher to teacher within the same school. Remember that you are a teaching assistant and not a personal assistant so that you can remind your teachers of that if required.

4.    Team Teaching
In an environment that encourages team teaching, you as a teaching assistant may, on occasion, have the opportunity to plan activities or entire lessons. This is especially common if you are a native English speaker teaching abroad with a non-native English speaker. In this situation, your activities should focus on pronunciation and speaking while your lesson plans should revolve around cultural topics such as holidays. When you are teaching, do not expect a full role reversal. While it would be nice for the other teacher to assist you, that is not always how things work out so you should be prepared to do everything on your own just in case.
Every teacher should be lucky enough to have a teaching assistant.
If the teacher you work with is not used to having an assistant it might take a while for him to get used to having your help. You should feel free to offer your thoughts and services if you feel that you are not being given enough tasks. It may simply take a little while to adjust to having a helping hand. Assisting others can give you some great experience in a classroom and help you form teaching methods of your own. Being a teaching assistant is an excellent learning experience whether you admire the work of your teacher(s) or not.

Have you even worked as a Teaching Assistant? What was it like? Please tell us!

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METODE PENGAJARAN DARI 10 HAL YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN “ENGLISH”

Ketika kita mendengar kata English, akan muncul dalam benak kita bermacam-macam kata yang berkaitan dengannya. Kata-kata tersebut semuanya penting dalam kaitannya dengan “English”, tetapi ada sepuluh kata atau sepuluh hal yang saya anggap lebih penting dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Sesuai urutan menurut kepentingannya, kata-kata tersebut adalah: vocabulary, pronunciataion, tenses, grammar, writing, speaking, listening, reading, dictionary, and communication. Metode pengajaran dengan menekankan pada kesepuluh hal tersebut saya terapkan dalam pengajaran bahasa inggris untuk mahasiswa jurusan non bahasa Inggris semester pertama atau kedua.
1.      1. Vocabulary
Dalam proses pembelajaran yang sebaiknya dikuasai oleh mahasiswa adalah vocabulary, atau kosakata. Mengapa harus menguasai kosakata? Karena pembicaraan atau diskusi ataupun kegiatan tanya jawab tidak bisa berlangsung tanpa penguasaan kosakata dari mahasiswa, apalagi pengajarnya.
Metode pengajaran vocabulary bisa kita terapkan dengan banyak-banyak memberi kosakata baru berkaitan dengan materi dan juga ekspresi sehari-hari seperti sapaan, ucapan selamat, ajakan, perintah, menanyakan pendapat, dan lain sebagainya. Kita juga bisa memberikan tambahan kosakata yang berkaitan dengan jurusan mahasiswa, misalnya istilah-istilah yang digunakan dalam kelas biologi, teknik informatika, hukum, atau dakwah. Tentu saja kita tidak hanya memberitahukan kata tersebut tetapi juga merangsang mahasiswa untuk menggunakan kata-kata yang mereka kuasai.
Kita bisa memberikan kuis di awal pembelajaran, misal kita mendiktekan beberapa kata yang sudah mereka pelajari dan mereka menuliskan kata tersebut. Kita juga bisa memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa mendiktekan beberapa kata yang sudah mereka pahami kepada teman sekelasnya. Yang keduan ini lebih menarik karena akan mengundang banyak tawa dan juga pembetulan yang dilakukan oleh sesama teman mereka sendiri.
2.      2. Pronunciation
Pengucapan kata yang salah bisa mengakibatkan kesalahpahaman. Pronunciation menuntut kita untuk terus belajar bagaimana mengucapkan kata secara benar dan membuat mahasiswa tidak salah paham dengan apa yang kita katakan. Aktivitas mendikte kata seperti di atas justru akan membawa masalah bagi kita jika pengucapan kita sendiri tidak benar, dan mungkin juga mempermalukan diri kita di hadapan mahasiswa jika mereka tahu kesalahan pengucapan kita.
Untuk  mengajarkan pronunciation, kita bisa memberikan cara-cara pengucapan kata dengan benar misalnya dalam kegiatan membaca teks secara lisan. Cara-cara pada latihan vocabulary juga bisa diterapkan dalam mengajarkan pronunciation ini.
3.      3. Tenses
Bahasa inggris memiliki bentuk perubahan kata untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu yang berbeda juga, yakni masa lampau, sekarang atau yang sudah terjadi, dan masa yang akan datang. Penguasaan tenses perlu dimiliki mahasiswa agar mereka bisa menyatakan dengan benar peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau, yang sedang terjadi, ataupun yang akan terjadi.
Misalnya kita berikan materi past tense untuk mahasiswa. Topiknya menceritakan pengalaman masa lalu dengan past tense. Kita bisa menerapkan metode pembelajaran aktif agar mahasiswa lebih senang dan tergugah untuk mempelajari dan memahami bentuk past tense. Kita bisa menggunakan bola kecil atau kartu kata kerja untuk melakukan sebuah permainan. Misalnya dengan bola. Cara-caranya adalah sebagai berikut. Jika ruang kelas terlalu sempit, kita bisa mengajak mahasiswa keluar ruangan. Mahasiswa membentuk satu lingkaran besar dan kita berdiri di tengah-tengah mereka. Kita berikan penjelasan sedikit mengenai past tense dan harapannya mahasiswa sudah memiliki pengetahuan mengenai past tense. Kita instruksikan mereka untuk memikirkan apa yang mereka lakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu selama satu menit. Setelah itu kita melempar bola kepada salah satu mahasiswa dan yang terkena harus membuat kalimat dengan past tense. Kita keluar dari lingkaran dan mengawasi mereka. Mereka melempar bola dan membuat kalimat seterusnya hingga semua mendapatkan giliran. Setelah selesai, kita bisa menyuruh mereka duduk dan memikirkan kembali kalimat-kalimat yang telah mereka dengar tadi, bila perlu, minta mereka untuk menuliskannya kembali.
4.      4. Grammar
Grammar terkadang di anggap tidak penting dalam komunikasi bahasa inggris. Akan tetapi ini adalah hal yang sebaiknya dipelajari mahasiswa, agar mereka tidak hanya pandai dan berani berbicara, tetapi juga mengungkapkan pendapat mereka dengan tata bahasa yang tepat. Grammar meliputi parts of speech, perubahan kata benda menjadi kata kerja, kata benda countable dan uncountable, perbandingan kata sifat, dan lain sebagainya. Kita ambil contoh perbandingan kata sifat atau comparative adjective.
Kita terlebih dahulu memberikan contoh-contoh kalimat kepada mahasiswa, misalnya “She is taller than me”, “His bag is more expensive than mine”, dan seterusnya. Kemudian kita menjelaskan bagaimana membuat kalimat perbandingan kata sifat dengan meletakkan akhiran –er atau more. Kita juga memberikan perbedaan keduanya. Untuk latihannya, kita bisa memberikan satu set kartu yang berisi kata sifat di dalamnya. Kita membagi mahasiswa dalam beberapa kelompok beranggotakan tiga. Masing-masing kelompok diberikan satu set karu yangdi dalamnya dua kata benda dan juga satu kata sifat sebagai pembanding. Masing-masing anggota mengambil satu kartu secara bergiliran dan membuat kalimat perbandingan dengan comparative adjective. Teman yang lain bisa membetulkan kesalahan temannya. Dengan cara ini pembelajaran lebih efektif dan mahasiswa dapat dengan mudah memahami materi.
Grammar sebaiknya tidak diajarkan dengan hanya berupa penjelasan dan contoh, tetapi akan lebih baik diselingi dengan permainan-permainan.
5.     5. Writing
Menulis merupakan kegiatan yang membutuhkan kemampuan yang lebih. Untuk kegiatan menulis, paling tidak mahasiswa sudah memiliki pengetahuan tentang vocabulary, tenses, atau grammar. Kita ambil contoh kegiatan menulis untuk mahasiswa dengan tingkatan pemula.
Kita bisa memberikan satu topik dan kemudian meminta mahasiswa untuk menuliskan satu kalimat yang berkaitan dengan topik tersebut. Misalnya, topik “belajar bahasa inggris”. Kita bisa meminta masing-masing mahasiswa menuliskan pendapat mereka, perasaan mereka terhadap topik tersebut. Setelah itu, kita bisa melanjutkan kegiatan dengan meminta mereka mengembangkan ide mereka berkaitan dengan satu kalimat yang telah mereka tulis.
Kemampuan menulis dalam bahasa inggris memungkinkan mereka untuk mengekspresikan apa yang mereka pikirkan dan kemudian menuangkannya ke dalam tulisan.
6.      6. Speaking
Kemampuan berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris sebaiknya dimiliki oleh pembelajaran yang sedang mempelajari bahasa inggris. Kemampuan speaking disertai dengan keberanian pembelajar untuk mau berbicara tanpa mengkhawatirkan apakah yang mereka ucapkan tersebut salah atau kurang tepat.
Metode pengajaran speaking bisa kita lakukan dengan memberikan suatu topik untuk didiskusikan di dalam kelas. Sebagai permulaan, kita bisa menyuruh mahasiswa untuk mencari partner. Setelah itu kita berikan topik tertentu, atau sebuah situasi, misalnya situasi di pasar. Masing-masing pasangan bisa bermain peran sebagai penjual dan pembeli dan mereka bercakap-cakap seperti dalam kegiatan jual beli di sebuah pasar yang sesungguhnya. Kita berikan kata-kata atau ekspresi yang bisa mereka gunakan untuk mengembangkan percakapan mereka. Kita bisa meminta mereka bermain peran di depan teman-teman dan menunjukkan kemampuan mereka. Jika mereka telah terbiasa berbicara di depan umum, mereka juga akan terbiasa berbicara bahasa inggris di ruang kelas dengan teman-teman mereka, ataupun dengan kita sebagai pengajar.
7.      7. Listening
Listening merupakan salah satu skill yang harus dikuasai dalam bahasa pengajaran bahasa inggris. Kegiatan listening bisa dilakukan di dalam laboratorium dan juga di dalam ruang kelas biasa. Untuk mengajarkan listening, kita bisa memperdengarkan percakapan yang dilakukan oleh native speakers kepada mahasiswa.
8.      8. Reading
Reading adalah kegiatan yang bisa dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, maupun di luar kelas secara individu. Pengajaran reading bisa dilakukan dengan cara memberikan teks dari yang paling sederhana hingga yang paling sulit.
9.      9. Dictionary
Belajar bahasa asing, khususnya bahasa inggris sangat memerlukan kamus bahasa inggris. Untuk kelas pemula, kita bisa menyuruh mahasiswa untuk menggunakan kamus inggris-indonesia atau indonesia-inggris, tetapi untuk jurusan yang khusus mempelajari bahasa inggris sebaiknya mahasiswa dipaksa untuk belajar dengan menggunakan kamus ingris-inggris. Untuk mengajarkan dictionary, kita bisa mengajari mahasiswa mencari kata dalam kamus atau menentukan part of speech, atau juga bagaimana cara membaca kata tersebut sesuai dengan cara baca yang tercantum.
10. 10. Communication
Communication adalah realisasi dari berbagai macam kemampuan bahasa inggris yang dimiliki mahasiswa. Setelah mereka belajar berbicara, mengenal kata dan penggunaannya, dan lain sebagainya, maka yang harus dilakukan adalah mempraktekkannya dalam bentuk communication. Communication bisa diajarkan dengan melakukan sebuah percakapan antar mahasiswa. Kita memberikan topik atau permasalahan tertentu dan mengajak mahasiswa untuk berpikir secara kritis dan mengungkapkan pendapat mereka dalam percakapan tersebut.
*sumber: Astry Fajria

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Tongue Twister

  • Hassock hassock, black spotted hassock. Black spot on a black back of a black spotted hassock.
  • Suzie Seaword's fish-sauce shop sells unsifted thistles for thistle-sifters to sift.
  • I saw Esau kissing Kate.
    I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.
  • John, where Peter had had "had had", had had "had";
    "had had" had had his master's approval.
  • How much caramel can a canny canonball cram in a camel if a canny canonball can cram caramel in a camel?
  • I thought, I thought of thinking of thanking you.
  • Mr. Tongue Twister tried to train his tongue to twist and turn, and twit and twat, to learn the letter "T".

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Motivating speaking activities

Submitted by TE Editor on 23 June, 2002 - 12:00
The students must be motivated to speak, or need to speak in order to complete the activity. For the last couple of years, I've specialised in teaching children aged 6-10 (mainly at beginner level), but I don't see why some of these basic principles can't be applied to learners of any age. At this age, the learners aren't motivated by new language, they're motivated by an activity. It can be very difficult to get them to speak if they really don't see the point. You can approach this by focussing on the following.
1. The function of the language and use an authentic or near authentic task (e.g. get them to sit back-to-back to practise speaking on the telephone). 

2. A motivating task, which uses the language you want them to practise (e.g. students write questions on small squares of paper using the target language, then form the papers into a board game to be played using dice and counters.)
Here are some possible examples, which apply to one or a combination of the above.

A popular, well-known type of activity is the information gap. In this type of activity, one group has half of the information required to complete the task and the other group has the other half (or pairs of students). The two groups need to exchange information to complete the task. Possible examples of tasks are:
 
·         Making an arrangement: each group has a diary, with appointments already filled in. They need to exchange information in order to agree when they can meet.
·         Giving/receiving directions: 2 sets of maps, each with information missing. 2 sets of directions for these missing places. The students again need to exchange information in order to complete their maps.
·         Crosswords: each group has some of the answers. They need to make up appropriate questions and then exchange, or ask appropriate questions. Hopefully, the students will be more concerned about completing the crossword, rather than worrying about speaking.
·         For a listening text, in which the students would normally listen to a tape in order to fill in the gaps, why not give each group half of the answers? They are then given the opportunity to exchange information. They can listen to the tape afterwards as a final check.

Here are some examples of other activities I use with my younger learners. 
·         Secretly put an object in a paper bag (or hide it behind me, or write the word, or draw a picture). I then get the students to guess what's in the bag, by asking an appropriate question. The student who guesses correctly takes over from me. Do this a couple of times, and then let the students take over. Group vs group, or in pairs.
·         Find your partner. Information is written on slips of paper, which can be matched in some way. Each student receives a paper, then the class mingle and exchange information in order to find their partner. E.g. for a group of 10 students, to practise colours. Colour in 5 slips of paper and write the words for these colours on the other slips. Students ask each other "What colour have you got?" in order to find their partner. (The point of this activity from the students' perspective is finding their partner, not necessarily the practice of the language.)
·         The following example may be appropriate for more advanced students. I call this activity 'Find someone who'. Each student writes the end of the sentence on their own piece of paper. The students then mingle and hopefully conversations are started. (The students can also use questions for this activity e.g. When was the last time you….?)

I hope that the suggestions and examples given are useful and practical for your situation, or inspire you to invent others.
Sheryl Carvalho, Portugal

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